Balfarg Henge
Sightseeing attraction | Glenrothes | Scotland | United Kingdom
Prehistoric site in Scotland
The Balfarg Henge in Glenrothes, Scotland, is a fascinating prehistoric site that offers a deep insight into the history and culture of Britain over 6,000 years ago. Surprisingly located in the middle of a modern residential area built around it in the late 1970s, this site is a Scheduled Monument, originally part of a larger ceremonial complex that also includes the nearby Balbirnie Stone Circle. The juxtaposition of modern development and ancient history makes Balfarg Henge an exceptional place that uniquely combines the past and present.
Balfarg Henge visiting tips
The history of Balfarg Henge dates back to activities that began around 4000 BC. Archaeological finds indicate that initially pits were dug where broken pottery was deposited. Around 3000 BC, more pits were dug, containing not only a different type of pottery known as "Grooved Ware," but also burnt wood and bones – suggesting that the area may have been used for cremations. The entire site was later extensively reconfigured: a ring ditch with a diameter of about 60 meters was excavated, and the excavated earth was piled up to create a large bank that shielded the view into the interior of the Henge from the outside. Access was through a causeway on the west side.
History of Balfarg Henge
Inside the Henge, a circle of 16 massive wooden posts was initially erected, possibly up to 4 meters high, with two additional posts marking an entrance. This wooden structure was later replaced by one or possibly two concentric stone circles. Today, only two of the original stones remain: one marking the former entrance, the other standing as part of an outer ring or the causeway. The positions of the lost wooden posts are now indicated by smaller replicas set up during excavations in the 1970s. These excavations, which took place before the construction of the surrounding housing estate, also revealed the remains of a young man buried around 1900 BC in a pit in the center. The burial was accompanied by an unusual beaker with a handle and a flint knife, covered by a large stone slab weighing about two tons and still visible on site today.
Balfarg Henge and Balbirnie Stone Circle
Balfarg Henge is not only a testament to the engineering skills of prehistoric people, but also a site likely used for rituals and burials. Experts believe ceremonies involving fire may have taken place here, possibly aligned with the solstices, as a standing stone and former wooden post perfectly matched up with the sunrise at the equinoxes. Its proximity to the Balbirnie Stone Circle, just about 300 meters away, suggests that both sites were part of a larger sacred precinct used over centuries.
Rituals at prehistoric sites
Despite its location in a residential area, the Henge is well-preserved and serves as a central green space for the surrounding houses. The settlement was planned in a way that integrated the Henge as a focal point, giving it a special role in the modern community. An informative on-site sign explains the history and connection to the Balbirnie Stone Circle, helping visitors better understand the significance of this place. While Balfarg Henge may be less known than, for example, Stonehenge in England, it impresses with its authenticity and the unusual symbiosis of prehistoric significance and contemporary environment.
